General Alumni Catalogue of the University of Pennsylvania, Compiled by W.J. Maxwell, 1917

A Gentleman of Color: The Life of James Forten, Julie Winch, Oxford University Press, 2002

On the Plains with Custer and Hancock: The Journal of Isaac Coates, Army Surgeon, WJD Kennedy, Johnson Books, 1997

Sailor-Diplomat: A Biography of Commodore James Biddle 1783-1848, David F. Long, Northeastern University Press, 1983

Sailor-Diplomat: A Biography of Commodore James Biddle 1783-1848, David F. Long, Northeastern University Press, 1983

University of Pennsylvania Biographical Catalogue of Matriculates of the College 1749 - 1893, A Committee of the Society of the Alumni, Avil Printing Company, 1894